Within only a few decades from its initial introduction, the field of surgical robotics has
evolved into a dynamic and rapidly growing research area with increasing clinical uptake …

Importance There is an ever‐increasing drive to improve surgical patient outcomes. Given
the benefits which robotics has bestowed upon a wide range of industries, from vehicle …

Medical robots have evolved from autonomous systems to tele-operated platforms and
mechanically-grounded, cooperatively-controlled robots. Whilst these approaches have …

Robot-assisted microsurgery (RAMS) has many benefits compared to traditional
microsurgery. Microsurgical platforms with advanced control strategies, high-quality micro …

Ever since their first introduction in the late 1980s,, surgical robots have played an
increasingly prominent role in medical practice,. For example, a recent study found that over …

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery can benefit from the automation of common,
repetitive or well-defined but ergonomically difficult tasks. One such task is the scanning of a …

Optical biopsy methods, such as probe-based endomicroscopy, can be used to identify early-
stage gastric cancer in vivo. However, it is difficult to scan a large area of the gastric mucosa …

Objective: Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy is an emerging high-magnification optical
imaging technique that provides in vivo and in situ cellular-level imaging for real-time …

Microneurosurgery requires dexterity, precision and delicate force application in order to be
carried out safely and effectively. Neurosurgeons must apply sufficient force in order to carry …

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy provides real-time microscopic images of
tissues contacted by a small probe that can be inserted in vivo through a minimally invasive …