Transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery (T-ESS) has become a well-accepted technique.
The first attempts at percutaneous discectomy by Kambin and Hijikata opened a new …

OBJECTIVE The surgical approach to lesions near eloquent areas continues to represent a
challenge for neurosurgeons, despite all of the sophisticated tools currently used. The goal …

Endoscopy is a technique allowing inspection, manipulation, and treatment of internal
organs using devices to enhance visualization from a distance of the target organs without …

Introduction The evolution of neurosurgery coincides with the evolution of visualization and
navigation. Augmented reality technologies, with their ability to bring digital information into …

Background Individual planning of the entry point and the use of navigation has become
more relevant in intraventricular neuroendoscopy. Navigated neuroendoscopic solutions are …

Objectives/Hypothesis Three‐dimensional (3D) endoscopy is an emerging tool in surgery
that provides real‐time depth perception. Its benefits have been investigated in surgical …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common form of hemorrhagic stroke with high
morbidity and mortality. Rapid and massive bleeding may compress the brain tissue …

Treating diseases in the field of neurosurgery has progressed concomitantly with technical
advances. Here, as a surgical armamentarium for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, the …

Proper lighting and visualization have always been critical to safe surgical interventions for
the very reason that, in general, one cannot operate if one cannot see. To this end, there has …

The neurosurgical management of spinal neoplasms has undergone immense development
in parallel with advancements made in general spine surgery. Laminectomies were …