Breastmilk contains bioactive molecules essential for brain and cognitive development.
While sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been implicated in phenotypic …

Tics are repetitive, sudden movements and/or vocalizations, typically enacted as
maladaptive responses to intrusive premonitory urges. The most severe tic disorder …

In this article, we refer to an original opinion paper written by Prof. Frank Beach in 1950
(“The Snark was a Boojum”). In his manuscript, Beach explicitly criticised the field of …

Cognitive flexibility involves the capability to switch between different perspectives and
implement novel strategies upon changed circumstances. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test …

JWH-018 and AKB48 are two synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) belonging to different structural
classes and illegally marketed as incense, herbal preparations, or chemical supply for theirs …

Cognitive processes are influenced by underlying affective states, and tests of cognitive bias
have recently been developed to assess the valence of affective states in animals. These …

Tourette syndrome (TS), a developmental neurobehavioral disorder, is characterized by
involuntary behavioral stereotypies. Clinical studies have confirmed the positive effect of …

Repeated exposure to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) may constitute a
vulnerability factor in the onset and course of pediatric motor disturbances. GAS …

As tourette syndrome (TS) is a common neurobehavioral disorder, the primary symptoms of
which include behavioral stereotypies. Dysfunction of the substantia nigra–striatum network …

More than 10% of children during school years suffer from a transient tic disorder, and 1%
has a particular type of tic disorder known as Tourette syndrome. At present, there is no …