Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the
extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane …

The eukaryotic endomembrane system is a complex series of interconnected membranous
organelles that play important roles in responding to stress and maintaining cell …

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released from cells after fusion of
multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) and play important roles in …

Background Eukaryotic cells demonstrate two tightly linked vesicular transport systems,
comprising intracellular vesicle transport and extracellular vesicle transport system …

Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of
cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities …

People living with HIV are affected by the chronic consequences of neurocognitive
impairment (NCI) despite antiretroviral therapies that suppress viral replication, improve …

ABSTRACT HIV enters the central nervous system (CNS) during the early stages of infection
and can cause neurological dysfunction, including neurodegeneration and neurocognitive …

Background Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles, secreted by different types of
cells into the body's biological fluids. They are found in abundance in semen as compared to …

Autophagy, a highly conserved process, serves to maintain cellular homeostasis in
response to an extensive variety of internal and external stimuli. The classic, or canonical …

Chronic neuroinflammation still remains a common underlying feature of HIV-infected
patients on combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Previous studies have reported that …