Abstract Changes in old age that contribute to the complex issue of an increased metabolic
cost of walking (mass-specific energy cost per unit distance traveled) in older adults appear …

Endurance running has become an immensely popular sporting activity, with millions of
recreational runners around the world. Despite the great popularity of endurance running as …

Background Running-related injuries are prevalent among distance runners. Changing step
rate is a commonly used running retraining strategy in the management and prevention of …

Background Recently, the use of treadmills for walking and running has increased due to
lifestyle changes. However, biomechanical differences in coordination between running on …

Coordination variability (CV) quantifies the variety of movement patterns an individual uses
during a task and may provide a measure of the flexibility of that individual's motor system …

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of speed on coordination and its
variability in running gait using vector coding analysis. Lower extremity kinematic data were …

Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease leading to mobility
disability in the aged that could, in part, be initiated by age-related alterations in knee …

Background Segment coordination variability (CV) is a movement pattern associated with
running-related injuries. It can also be adversely affected by a prolonged run. However …

Exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP) is one of the most prevalent running-related
injuries, however little is known about injured runners' mechanics during outdoor running …

Objective Vector coding is a non-linear data analysis technique that quantifies inter-
segmental coordination and coordination variability. The traditional approach of reporting …