Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recycle intracellular constituents, which
are essential for developmental and metabolic transitions; for efficient nutrient reuse; and for …

The cytosolic selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, TXNRD1), and to some extent
mitochondrial TrxR2 (TXNRD2), can be inhibited by a wide range of electrophilic …

Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by an excessive lipid peroxidation
of cellular membranes caused by the disruption of the antioxidant defense system and/or an …

Potyviruses (viruses in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) constitute the largest group
of known plant-infecting RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses that …

In eukaryotes, the translation initiation codon is generally identified by the scanning
mechanism, wherein every triplet in the messenger RNA leader is inspected for …

In eukaryotic RNA silencing, RNase-III classes of enzymes in the Dicer family process
double-stranded RNA of cellular or exogenous origin into small-RNA (sRNA) molecules …

The majority of described plant viruses are transmitted by insects of the Hemipteroid
assemblage that includes aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips. In this …

Psyllids, whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs are members of the suborder Sternorrhyncha
and share a common property, namely the utilization of plant sap as their food source. Each …

The posttranslational addition of ubiquitin (Ub) helps control the half-life, localization, and
action of many intracellular plant proteins. A primary function is the degradation of …

A multitude of small RNAs (sRNAs, 18–25 nt in length) accumulate in plant tissues. Although
heterogeneous in size, sequence, genomic distribution, biogenesis, and action, most of …