This article reviews the evidence on whether procedurally just treatment of citizens by
agents of the criminal justice system, usually the police, has the effect of increasing the …

The police need public support and cooperation to be effective in controlling crime and
holding offenders accountable. In many disadvantaged communities of color, poor …

In police reform circles, many scholars and policymakers diagnose the frayed relationship
between police forces and the communities they serve as a problem of illegitimacy, or the …

Abstract Nearly 1,000 officer-involved killings occur each year in the United States. This
article documents the large, racially disparate effects of these events on the educational and …

Despite decades of declining crime rates, longstanding tensions between police and the
public continue to frustrate the formation of cooperative relationships necessary for the …

Democratic policing today is a widely used approach to policing not only in Western
societies but increasingly around the world. Yet it is rarely defined and it is little understood …

An examination of the influence of street stops on the legal socialization of young men
showed an association between the number of police stops they see or experience and a …

Black civilians are more likely to be stopped by police than white civilians net of relevant
factors. Less is known about whether or not racial inequalities exist in police use of force …

High-profile cases of police violence—disproportionately experienced by black men—may
present a serious threat to public safety if they lower citizen crime reporting. Using an …

A series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of the police sparked mass protests,
received extensive media coverage, and fueled a new civil rights movement in the years …