Potassium is an obligatory component of living cells, and all of them depend on K+ uptake,
and also eventually on K+ e¥ ux, to grow and to keep themselves alive. It is also an …

The maintenance of appropriate intracellular concentrations of alkali metal cations,
principally K+ and Na+, is of utmost importance for living cells, since they determine cell …

The Arabidopsis thaliana SOS2 and SOS3 genes are required for intracellular Na+ and K+
homeostasis and plant tolerance to high Na+ and low K+ environments. SOS3 is an EF hand …

The ubiquity of global change and its impacts on biodiversity poses a clear and urgent
challenge for evolutionary biologists. In many cases, environmental change is so …

As in other eukaryotes, protein kinases play major regulatory roles in filamentous fungi.
Although the genomes of many plant pathogenic fungi have been sequenced, systematic …

Background Acetic acid is a byproduct of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcoholic fermentation.
Together with high concentrations of ethanol and other toxic metabolites, acetic acid may …

Recent progress has been made in the characterization of cation transporters that maintain
ion homeostasis during salt stress in plants. Sodium–proton antiporters at the vacuolar …

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a signaling mechanism involved in all cellular
processes. To create a systems view of the signaling apparatus in budding yeast, we …

Fusarium oxysporum is a cross-kingdom fungal pathogen that infects plants and humans.
Horizontally transferred lineage-specific (LS) chromosomes were reported to determine host …

Most laboratory evolution studies that characterize evolutionary adaptation genomically
focus on genetically simple traits that can be altered by one or few mutations. Such traits are …