We review the growing literature on health numeracy, the ability to understand and use
numerical information, and its relation to cognition, health behaviors, and medical outcomes …

The phenomenon of base-rate neglect has elicited much debate. One arena of debate
concerns how people make judgments under conditions of uncertainty. Another more …

Many doctors, patients, journalists, and politicians alike do not understand what health
statistics mean or draw wrong conclusions without noticing. Collective statistical illiteracy …

Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the
perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of …

“Numeracy,” so-called on analogy with literacy, is essential for making health and other
social judgments in everyday life [Reyna, VF, & Brainerd, CJ (in press). The importance of …

Averaging estimates is an effective way to improve accuracy when combining expert
judgments, integrating group members' judgments, or using advice to modify personal …

Statistical illiteracy can have an enormously negative impact on decision making. This
volume of collected papers brings together applied and theoretical research on risks and …

A good representation can be crucial for finding the solution to a problem. Gigerenzer and
Hoffrage (Psychol. Rev. 102 (1995) 684; Psychol. Rev. 106 (1999) 425) have shown that …

Can children reason the Bayesian way? We argue that the answer to this question depends
on how numbers are represented, because a representation can do part of the computation …

In an ongoing debate between two visions of statistical reasoning competency, ecological
rationality proponents claim that pictorial representations help tap into the frequency coding …