Abstract Background Knowledge about Klinefelter syndrome (KS) has increased
substantially since its first description almost 80 years ago. A variety of treatment options …

Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively uncommon, but represent 1% to 5% of
all GCTs. Their morphology varies widely and includes mature teratoma, immature teratoma …

Disorders of sex development (DSD), previously referred to as intersex disorders, comprise
a variety of anomalies defined by congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, or …

Objective The most common presentation of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is infertility and
features of hypogonadism. Currently no consensus exists on the risk of malignancy in this …

BACKGROUND Males with Klinefelter syndrome (KS)(47, XXY) may be more likely to
develop germ cell tumors (GCTs), particularly mediastinal GCTs. To date, there are no …

Disorders of sex development (DSDs), previously referred to as intersex, has been
recognised as one of the main risk factors for development of type II germ cell tumours …

ADVANCES IN PEDIATRICS since then with identification of the genetic etiology in 1959,
epidemiologic studies of birth cohorts in the 1980s, the development of rodent models, and …

Opinion statement Tumors of the pineal region represent a diverse collection of tumors with
a variety of natural histories. This diversity necessitates accurate histologic diagnosis to …

Sexual differentiation is the result of complex genetic and endocrine mechanisms that are
closely associated with the development of both the genitourinary system and the adrenal …

Premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis manifests as
gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty. The mechanisms behind HPG activation are …