Driver's access to information about navigation and vehicle data through in‐car displays and
personal devices distract the driver from safe vehicle management. The discrepancy …

The metaverse has captured significant attention as it provides a virtual realm that cannot be
experienced in the physical world. Programmable optical holograms, integral components of …

Phase recovery from intensity-only measurements forms the heart of coherent imaging
techniques and holography. In this study, we demonstrate that a neural network can learn to …

In recent years, deep learning has been shown to be one of the leading machine learning
techniques for a wide variety of inference tasks. In addition to its mainstream applications …

The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is a useful tool for signal processing. It is the
generalization of the Fourier transform. Many fractional operations, such as fractional …

Efficient calculation of the light diffraction in free space is of great significance for tracing
electromagnetic field propagation and predicting the performance of optical systems such as …

Multi-channel information encryption technology has been implemented by optical
metasurfaces owing to their superior ability to control the phase, amplitude, wavelength and …

Indirect-imaging methods involve at least two steps, namely optical recording and
computational reconstruction. The optical-recording process uses an optical modulator that …

Over the past decades, classical optimization methods, including gradient-based topology
optimization and the evolutionary algorithm, have been widely employed for the inverse …

We present an image encryption algorithm to simultaneously encrypt two images into a
single one as the amplitudes of fractional Fourier transform with different orders. From the …