Across many of the surgical specialties, the use of minimally invasive techniques that utilize
indirect visualization has been increasingly replacing traditional techniques which utilize …

Introduction Recently, large channel endoscopic systems and full endoscopic visualization
technique have been used to perform unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression …

Minimally invasive spinal surgery has shown benefits not only from a clinical standpoint but
also in some cost-effectiveness metrics. Microendoscopic procedures combine optical …

Purpose Advancement in all surgery continues to progress towards more minimally invasive
surgical (MIS) approaches. One of the platform technologies which has helped drive this …

Introduction Surgical techniques to treat tumors of the spine often require extensive tissue
dissection and bony removal, predisposing patients to elevated risk for perioperative …

The number of endoscopic spinal operations has been increasing exponentially. Teaching
institutions are incorporating spinal endoscopy in their curriculums, exemplified by the North …

We congratulate the authors on providing a detailed step-by-step video demonstration of a 2-
level, endoscopic, lumbar, transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) to treat lumbar …

“Optimizing visualization in endoscopic spine surgery.” Their review is succinct and
discusses the physics behind light properties, image processing, image enhancement, and …