Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects,
vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune …

Background The current strategy utilized by WHO/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
to reach the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy 2010 measles reduction goal includes …

Background Immunization coverage in many parts of Nigeria is far from optimal, and far from
equitable. Nigeria accounts for half of the deaths from Measles in Africa, the highest …

Background Measles vaccines (MV) have sex-differential effects on mortality not explained
by protection against measles infection. Objective The authors examined whether whole-cell …

This paper examines the relationship between parental migration status and child
immunization in Southern Ethiopia, a region characterized by high mortality and morbidity …

Background Vaccine-preventable diseases are responsible for severe rates of morbidity and
mortality in Africa. Despite the availability of appropriate vaccines for routine use on infants …

Background Ten years ago, we formulated two hypotheses about whole-cell diphtheria-
tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination: first, when given after BCG, DTP increases mortality in …

BACKGROUND: Studies from Africa have suggested marked non-specific effects (NSEs) of
routine vaccinations with effects on child survival. There have been few studies from Asia …

Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2–3 million deaths among under-5 children,
yet in Nigeria, only 25% of children ages 12–23 months are fully immunized. There are also …

Background: Recent studies from West Africa suggest that routine vaccinations may have
sex differential nontargeted effects. To answer whether these patterns are found elsewhere …