Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are highly prevalent and severely debilitating brain
illnesses caused by aberrant brain growth and development. Resulting in cognitive, social …

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a high-incidence multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder
characterized by motor and vocal tics co-occurring with several diverse comorbidities …

An increase in the ratio of cellular excitation to inhibition (E/I ratio) has been proposed to
underlie the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders …

Abstract Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus, or
PANDAS, is a syndrome of acute childhood onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder and …

Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [eg pre-and perinatal
difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Complex motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, fixed,
purposeful but purposeless movements that stop with distraction. They can occur in …

An established principle of modern research into bacterial pathogenesis is that no in vitro, in
situ, or in silico model can accurately account for the myriad host defense mechanisms and …

Background Damage to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits is associated with the
development of repetitive behaviours in animals and humans. However, the types of …

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of neuropediatric
diseases associated with epileptic seizures, severe delay or regression of psychomotor …

Pharmacological and anatomical evidence implicates striatal dopamine receptors in
Tourette syndrome (TS). Nevertheless, results of positron emission tomography (PET) …