Cells exert, sense, and respond to physical forces through an astounding diversity of
mechanisms. Here we review recently developed tools to quantify the forces generated by …

Cells have traditionally been viewed either as independently moving entities or as
somewhat static parts of tissues. However, it is now clear that in many cases, multiple cells …

We introduce an Active Vertex Model (AVM) for cell-resolution studies of the mechanics of
confluent epithelial tissues consisting of tens of thousands of cells, with a level of detail …

In this article, we review physics-based models of collective cell motility. We discuss a range
of techniques at different scales, ranging from models that represent cells as simple self …

Coordinated motions of close-packed multicellular systems typically generate cooperative
packs, swirls, and clusters. These cooperative motions are driven by active cellular forces …

Endothelial cell alignment along the direction of laminar fluid flow is widely understood to be
a defining morphological feature of vascular homeostasis. While the role of associated …

Collective cell migration is a highly regulated process involved in wound healing, cancer
metastasis, and morphogenesis. Mechanical interactions among cells provide an important …

Cells organized in tissues exert forces on their neighbors and their environment. Those
cellular forces determine tissue homeostasis as well as reorganization during embryonic …

Many eukaryotic cells chemotax, sensing and following chemical gradients. However,
experiments have shown that even under conditions when single cells do not chemotax …

Mechanical linkage between cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions
regulates cell shape changes during embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis. We …