Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to
morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive …

The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with diabetes and
hypertension accounting for the majority of cases, is on the rise, with up to 160 million …

endothelium in vascular disease has enabled the development of clinical tests to evaluate
the functional properties of normal and activated endothelium. 5 Ideally, such tests should …

Since its identification as an endothelial cell-derived vasoconstrictor peptide in 1988,
endothelin-1, the predominant member of the endothelin peptide family, has received …

Endothelial dysfunction has been posited to play an important role in the pathogenesis of
diabetic nephropathy (DN). Due to the heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs), it is difficult …

Most of the late diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy,
have their basis in disturbed microvascular function. Structural and functional changes in the …

Numerous pre‐clinical studies have implicated endothelin‐1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic
and non‐diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal endothelin‐1 production is almost …

Endothelin is a promising target in the treatment of resistant hypertension and CKD, with
additional potential benefits on atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. The nature and …

An explosion in global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus poses major rise in cases with
vascular endothelial dysfunction ranging from micro-(retinopathy, nephropathy and …

Proteinuria is a major long-term clinical consequence of diabetes and hypertension,
conditions that lead to progressive loss of functional renal tissue and, ultimately, end-stage …