In the long‐running debate over standards of living during the industrial revolution,
pessimists have identified deteriorating health conditions in towns as undermining the …

We analyze the effect of economic conditions early in life on individual mortality rate later in
life, using business cycle conditions early in life as an exogenous indicator. Individual …

Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring
longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate …

Across today's developed world, there is a clear mortality gradient by socioeconomic status
for all ages. It is often taken for granted that this gradient was as strong—or even stronger …

This paper deals with socioeconomic differences in adult mortality in southern Sweden 1815–
1968, a period of transformation from an agricultural to a modern industrial society and …

BACKGROUND According to classic demographic transition theory, mortality change is the
key factor that triggers a decline in fertility. Research on this topic has mostly relied on …

Today, a social gradient in health is clearly visible. Individuals with higher socio-economic
statuses tend to live longer lives, and are less likely to be disabled or chronically ill …

It remains unknown how different types of sources affect the reconstruction of life courses
and families in large-scale databases increasingly common in demographic research. Here …

Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency as a result of limited exposure to sunlight and
inadequate diet. In the 19th century, rickets was endemic in most northern European cities …

Conscription records are considered to be the best sources for studying heights over
cohorts. This article discusses the various steps and selection mechanisms involved in the …