There is a growing interest in using natural medicines to treat stroke as the leading cause of
disability worldwide. Especially plant-derived natural medicines have multiple beneficial …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an important
role in CNS homeostasis during development, adulthood and ageing. Their phenotype and …

The use of the products derived from the olive tree on human health dates back centuries. In
several civilizations, the olive tree had and still has a very strong cultural and religious …

As the primary protective barrier for neurons in the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
exists between the blood microcirculation system and the brain parenchyma. The normal …

Trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers intraparenchymal inflammation and
activation of systemic immunity with the capacity to exacerbate neuropathology and …

This review summarizes the current understanding of spinal cord injury pathophysiology and
discusses important emerging regenerative approaches that have been translated into …

Inflammatory reaction following a spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes substantially to
secondary effects, with both beneficial and devastating effects. This review summarizes the …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that
are widely expressed throughout the developing and adult CNS. In vitro studies demonstrate …

Astrocytes have a role in maintaining normal neuronal functions, some of which depend on
connexins, protein subunits of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Under …

Current treatments for acute spinal cord injury are based on animal models of human spinal
cord injury (SCI). These models have shown that the initial traumatic injury to cord tissue is …