Simple Summary Fish are free-living organisms who are dependent on their innate immune
system for survival. This system is fundamental for the defense mechanisms against …

The liver of fish is considered an ideal model for studying the collaboration between
environmental agents and the health state of the fish, where it gives good indications about …

The health status of Sciaenops ocellatus was studied by qualitative and quantitative
histopathological analysis through histological damage prevalence and degree of tissue …

Environmental monitoring is important to the health management of an ecosystem.
Biomarkers are particularly relevant because they are direct indicators of any toxic effects on …

Mercury can be very toxic at low environmental concentrations by impairing immunological,
neurological, and other vital pathways in humans and animals. Aquatic ecosystems are …

The seagrass beds at Libong Island, Thailand, are a complex ecological habitat supporting
many marine organisms. Unfortunately, the seagrass area is being lost, possibly exerting …

The pollution of the environment with petroleum products through spills in oil producing
countries has resulted in the widespread distribution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and …

Melanomacrophage centers are aggregates of pigment-containing cells found in the
animal's hematopoietic tissues. Changes in its characteristics have been used to assess the …

Increasing the number of heavy metals in the aquatic environment result in the accumulation
of contaminants in fish body tissue, making fish an ideal bio-indicator of environmental …

Mercury chloride can cause immunotoxic effects on fish. The accumulation or aggregate of
melano-macrophages centers (MMCs) in the kidney is a feature of cellular immune …