Pediatric regional anesthesia has been in existence for over 125 years, but significant
progress and widespread use has occurred in the last few decades, with the increasing …

Introduction Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is the most common complication after
hypospadias repair, with an variable incidence of 2–35%, depending on defect type. The …

Purpose: Primary repair of hypospadias is associated with risk of complications, specifically
urethrocutaneous fistula and glanular dehiscence. Caudal block may potentially increase …

Background Caudal epidural block (CEB) in hypospadias surgery has the benefit of
reducing post-operative pain and possibly intra-operative bleeding. Some studies, however …

Introduction Recent investigations have raised a doubt regarding the safety of Caudal
epidural block (CEB) administered to children with distal hypospadias undergoing …

The repair of hypospadias is a quintessential pediatric urological procedure, and
complication rates after hypospadias surgery are frequently used as a benchmark to judge …

Introduction There is controversy surrounding the association between caudal block and
complication rates after hypospadias repair. Conflicting results have been reported mostly …

Background: The major influencing factors for complications during hypospadias repair are
the original location of the meatus, previous urethral surgery, surgical technique, and …

Backgrounds Urethrocutaneous fistula is one of the most common complications after
urethroplasty. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the superiority of double dartos flap to …

Hypospadias is one of the most common penile congenital anomalies, which often requires
a surgical approach. After the hypospadias is repaired, urethral fistula can occur in around …