Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Cytokines are secreted or otherwise released polypeptide factors that exert autocrine and/or
paracrine actions, with most cytokines acting in the immune and/or hematopoietic system …

Blood cell formation is classically thought to occur through a hierarchical differentiation
process, although recent studies have shown that lineage commitment may occur earlier in …

We examined 454,712 exomes for genes associated with a wide spectrum of complex traits
and common diseases and observed that rare, penetrant mutations in genes implicated by …

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates many crucial cellular programs, with
seven different activating ligands shaping cell signaling in distinct ways. Using …

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder that affects 7 out of
1,000,000 live births and has been associated with mutations in components of the …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various
types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades …

In the embryo, the first hematopoietic cells derive from the yolk sac and are thought to be
rapidly replaced by the progeny of hematopoietic stem cells. We used three lineage-tracing …

More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell
(RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 …

To enable effective oxygen transport,∼ 200 billion red blood cells (RBCs) need to be
produced every day in the bone marrow through the fine-tuned process of erythropoiesis …