The PIN-domains are small proteins of∼ 130 amino acids that are found in bacteria,
archaea and eukaryotes and are defined by a group of three strictly conserved acidic amino …

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is carried out in specialized organs, the nodules, whose
formation is induced on leguminous host plants by bacteria belonging to the family …

Sinorhizobium meliloti is an α-proteobacterium that forms agronomically important N2-fixing
root nodules in legumes. We report here the complete sequence of the largest constituent of …

Biotechnical production processes often operate with plasmid‐based expression systems in
well‐established prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts such as Escherichia coli or …

Although 'cheaters' potentially destabilize the legume–rhizobium mutualism, we lack a
comprehensive review of host–symbiont fitness correlations.• Studies measuring rhizobium …

The specific interaction between rhizobia and legume roots leads to the development of a
highly regulated process called nodulation, by which the atmospheric nitrogen is converted …

Protein translation is the most common target of toxin-antitoxin system (TA) toxins. Sequence-
specific endoribonucleases digest RNA in a sequence-specific manner, thereby blocking …

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea and play important
roles in a diverse range of cellular activities. TA systems have been broadly classified into 5 …

A fundamental characteristic of cells is their ability to regulate growth in response to
changing environmental conditions. This review focuses on recent progress toward …

In the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, atmospheric dinitrogen (N 2) fixation by rhizobia takes
place in a specific root organ, called the nodule. During biological N 2 fixation, the plant …