Biological differences between men and women contribute to many sex-specific illnesses
and disorders. Historically, it was argued that such differences were largely, if not …

Several developments during the past 15 years have profoundly affected our understanding
of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of vertebrates. In the mid 1990s, the vomeronasal …

We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in
sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining …

The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in women than in men, a sex difference that
likely results from the effects of sex steroid hormones. To investigate this relationship, we first …

Many studies demonstrate that exposure to testicular steroids such as testosterone early in
life masculinizes the developing brain, leading to permanent changes in behavior …

Many mammalian species use chemosignals to coordinate reproduction by altering the
physiology and behavior of both sexes. Chemosignals prime reproductive physiology so that …

The medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (MPOA/AH) is a brain site derived from
proliferative zones from the diencephalon and telencephalon. It is probably this …

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain, particularly the hypothalamus,
to produce sex differences that underlie copulatory behavior. Neuroanatomical sex …

Sexual orientation is one of the largest sex differences in humans. The vast majority of the
population is heterosexual, that is, they are attracted to members of the opposite sex …

Differences between males and females are widely represented in nature. There are gender
differences in phenotypes, personality traits, behaviors and interests, cognitive performance …