Hydrology plays a central role in applied and fundamental environmental sciences, but it is
well known to suffer from an overwhelming diversity of models, particularly to simulate …

Climate reconstructions have contributed tremendously to our understanding of changes in
the climate system and will continue to do so. However, in climate science the focus has …

The decadal variability of weather and its extremes are still poorly understood. This is partly
due to the scarcity of records, which, for many parts of the world, only allow for studies of …

Climate reconstructions give insights in monthly and seasonal climate variability in the past
few hundred years. However, for understanding past extreme weather events and for …

Spatial information on past weather contributes to better understanding the processes
behind day-to-day weather variability and to assessing the risks arising from weather …

Indonesia is exposed to earthquakes, volcanic activities, and associated tsunamis. This is
particularly the case for Lombok and Sumbawa Islands in West Nusa Tenggara, where …

Weather‐and climate‐related hazards are responsible for monetary losses, material
damages, and societal consequences. Quantifying related risks is, therefore, an important …

The winter 1788/89 was one of the coldest winters Europe had witnessed in the past 300
years. Fortunately, for historical climatologists, this extreme event occurred at a time when …

Heavy precipitation on the south side of the central Alps produced a catastrophic flood in
October 1868. We assess the damage and societal impacts, as well as the atmospheric and …

Floods caused by extreme precipitation events, in the context of climate warming, are one of
the most serious natural disasters in monsoon region societies. The great flood in the …