Animal researchers are increasingly interested in individual differences in behavior. Their
interpretation as meaningful differences in behavioral strategies stable over time and across …

In recent years, research on animal personality has exploded within the field of behavioral
ecology. Consistent individual differences in behavior exist in a wide range of species, and …

Recently, economists and behavioral scientists have studied the pattern of human well-
being over the lifespan. In dozens of countries, and for a large range of well-being …

Although dogs' life expectancies are six to twelve times shorter than that of humans, the
demographics (eg, living conditions) of dogs can still change considerably with aging …

Group territory defence poses a collective action problem: individuals can free-ride,
benefiting without paying the costs. Individual heterogeneity has been proposed to solve …

Despite the taxonomic, behavioral, and lifestyle diversity among reptile species, behavioral
consistency in reptiles has not been examined to the extent that it has been in fish, birds …

Despite the importance of individual problem solvers for group-and individual-level fitness,
the correlates of individual problem-solving success are still an open topic of investigation …

Primates live in highly social environments, where prosocial behaviors promote social
bonds and cohesion and contribute to group members' fitness. Despite a growing interest in …

Simple Summary It is important for cat caretakers to understand individual differences in
response to stress. Identifying coping styles in cats may lead to improved health and welfare …

Working dog organisations, such as Guide Dogs, need to regularly assess the behaviour of
the dogs they train. In this study we developed a questionnaire-style behaviour assessment …