The dopaminergic system is firmly implicated in reversal learning but human measurements
of dopamine release as a correlate of reversal learning success are lacking. Dopamine …

The surprising omission or reduction of vital resources (food, fluid, social partners) can
induce an aversive emotion known as frustrative nonreward (FNR), which can influence …

Dopamine neurons have long been thought to facilitate learning by broadcasting reward
prediction error (RPE), a teaching signal used in machine learning, but more recent work …

Comprehensive understanding of the neural circuits involving the ventral tegmental area is
essential for elucidating the anatomo-functional mechanisms governing human behaviour …

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been suggested to be associated with
impairment of model-based behavioral control. Meanwhile, recent work suggested shorter …

Reward is essential for shaping behavior. Using sensory cues to imply forthcoming rewards,
previous studies have demonstrated powerful effects of rewards on behavior. Nevertheless …

Curiosity encourages agents to explore their environment, leading to learning opportunities.
Although psychology and neurobiology have tackled how external rewards control behavior …

Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is an important neural substrate for valuation and
decision-making. Dominant theories generally discretize and homogenize decision-making …

When mood states are impaired, daily life is severely disrupted. To maintain a specific mood
state, both positive and negative moods must be controlled; however, methods to maintain a …

Extinction learning is an essential form of cognitive flexibility, which enables obsolete reward
associations to be discarded. Its downregulation can lead to perseveration, a symptom seen …