Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the
most commonly cited examples being the “telescoping effect” where women meet criteria …

Dopamine (DA) regulates emotional and motivational behavior through the mesolimbic
dopaminergic pathway. Changes in DA mesolimbic neurotransmission have been found to …

Excitatory afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are thought to facilitate reward seeking
by encoding reward-associated cues. Selective activation of different glutamatergic inputs to …

Addictive drugs have in common that they target the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA)
system. This system originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects mainly to the …

Cocaine use continues to be a serious worldwide public health problem. Cocaine abuse is
associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Cocaine overdose deaths are increasing …

Addictive drugs have in common that they are voluntarily self-administered by laboratory
animals (usually avidly), and that they enhance the functioning of the reward circuitry of the …

Physical activity, and specifically exercise, has been suggested as a potential treatment for
drug addiction. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical evidence for the efficacy of …

The mesolimbic reward pathway is implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders and is a
potential target of plasticity underlying the stress resistance produced by repeated voluntary …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of
reward‐related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine …

Although substantial advances have been made in behavioral and pharmacological
treatments for addictions, moving treatment development to the next stage may require novel …