Dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward system is a core feature of
schizophrenia (SZ), yet its precise contributions to different stages of reward processing and …

Major depressive disorder is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, exacting a
substantial personal, social, and economic toll. Antidepressant treatment typically involves …

Background Motivational deficit is a core clinical manifestation of depression and a strong
predictor of treatment failure. However, the underlying mechanisms, which cannot be …

Conventional monoamine-based pharmacotherapy, considered the first-line treatment for
major depressive disorder (MDD), has several challenges, including high rates of non …

Anhedonia is a hallmark feature of depression and is highly prevalent among individuals
with mood disorders. The history and neurobiology of anhedonia has been most extensively …

In our clinical work with treatment-resistant depressed (TRD) patients, certain patterns have
emerged in terms of patients' presentations of anhedonia. Multiple studies have investigated …

Unwillingness to exert effort for rewards has been found in patients with schizophrenia
(SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is a racemic mixture of esketamine
and arketamine used to treat unipolar and bipolar depression. Preliminary reports indicate …

Abstract Treatment outcomes widely vary for individuals diagnosed with major depressive
disorder, implicating a need for deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms …

Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and
predict poorer outcomes. Reward processing dysfunction is a candidate mechanism for the …