Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex
ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune …

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women throughout the world
and is the major cause of most cancer-related deaths. Several explanations account for the …

One of the defining characteristics of a pre-metastatic niche, a fundamental requirement for
primary tumor metastasis, is infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages. How these …

It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating
tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before …

Primary tumors create a favorable microenvironment, namely, pre-metastatic niche, in
secondary organs and tissue sites for subsequent metastases. The pre-metastatic niche can …

Background Metastatic colonization is one of the critical steps in tumor metastasis. A pre-
metastatic niche is required for metastatic colonization and is determined by tumor-stroma …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of extracellular-secreted
macromolecules, such as collagen, enzymes and glycoproteins, whose main functions deal …

Cancer and other cells residing in the same niche engage various modes of interactions to
synchronize and buffer the negative effects of environmental changes. Extracellular …

The concept that the pattern of metastatic spread of cancer is not random and that cancer
cells exhibit preferences when metastasizing to organs, dates back to 1889 when Steven …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment
(TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple …