Smad5 (small mothers against decapentaplegic 5) protein is a receptor-regulated member
of the Smad family proteins, mainly participating in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in
bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has …

Various super-resolution imaging techniques have been developed to break the diffraction-
limited resolution of light microscopy. However, it still remains challenging to obtain three …

We present a study on the nuclear export efficiency and time of pre-ribosomal subunits in
live mammalian cells, using high-speed single-molecule tracking and single-molecule …

Salivary gland tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of radiation-
induced xerostomia. Key to the success of this approach is the maintenance and expansion …

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate a stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell.
Yet, it remains poorly understood how a stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell can …

Increasing epidemiological evidence has shown that PM 2.5 exposure is significantly
associated with the occurrence of osteoporosis. It has been well demonstrated that PM 2.5 …

Hyaline cartilage is a nonvascular connective tissue covering the joint surface. It consists
mostly of the extracellular matrix proteins and a small number of highly differentiated …

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC)
compared to other BC subtypes in clinical settings. Currently, there are no effective …

Cells compartmentalize biochemical processes using physical barriers in the form of
membranes. Eukaryotes have a wide diversity of membrane-based compartments that can …