Riboswitches are structured noncoding RNA domains used by many bacteria to monitor the
concentrations of target ligands and regulate gene expression accordingly. In the past 20 …

Riboswitches were discovered in 2002 in bacteria as RNA-based intracellular sensors of
vitamin derivatives. During the last decade, naturally occurring RNA sensor elements have …

Riboswitches are commonly used by bacteria to detect a variety of metabolites and ions to
regulate gene expression. To date, nearly 40 different classes of riboswitches have been …

Riboswitches are non-coding RNA structures located in messenger RNAs that bind
endogenous ligands, such as a specific metabolite or ion, to regulate gene expression. As …

An expanding number of metabolite-binding riboswitch classes are being discovered in the
noncoding portions of bacterial genomes. Findings over the last decade indicate that …

Most free-living organisms require the synthesis and/or acquisition of purines and
pyrimidines, which form the basis of nucleotides, to survive. In most bacteria, the nucleotides …

Specimens below 50 kDa have generally been considered too small to be analyzed by
single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The high flexibility of pure RNAs makes it …

Bacteria constitute a large and diverse class of infectious agents, causing devastating
diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Our understanding of gene expression control …

Riboswitches reside in the untranslated region of RNA and regulate genes involved in the
biosynthesis of essential metabolites through binding of small molecules. Since their …

INTRODUCTION Riboswitches and attenuators are cis-regulatory RNA elements (ribo-
regulators), which in most cases control bacterial gene expression via ligand-mediated …