Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in
natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global …

RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome
stability, and environmental responses. These small RNAs fall into three major classes …

Since the discovery of eukaryotic small RNAs as the main effectors of RNA interference in
the late 1990s, diverse types of endogenous small RNAs have been characterized, most …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the
transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent …

A large and significant portion of eukaryotic transcriptomes consists of noncoding RNAs
(ncRNAs) that have minimal or no protein-coding capacity but are functional. Diverse …

Communication between plant cells and interacting microorganisms requires the secretion
and uptake of functional molecules to and from the extracellular environment and is …

Eukaryotic small RNAs (sRNAs) are short non-coding regulatory molecules that induce RNA
interference (RNAi). During microbial infection, host RNAi machinery is highly regulated and …

Previously, we have shown that apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) purified from Arabidopsis
leaves contains small RNAs (sRNAs). To investigate whether these sRNAs are …