Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements are cis-acting RNA regions that promote
internal initiation of protein synthesis using cap-independent mechanisms. However, distinct …

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) can be found in the mRNA of many viruses as well as
in cellular genes involved in the stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. IRES-mediated …

Enteroviruses comprise a large group of mammalian pathogens that includes poliovirus.
Pathology in humans ranges from sub-clinical to acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis and …

Picornavirus T ype 1 IRES s comprise five principal domains (dII–dVI). Whereas dV binds
eIF 4 G, a conserved AUG in dVI was suggested to stimulate attachment of 43 S ribosomal …

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements were discovered in picornaviruses. These
elements are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures and …

Viruses exploit the translation machinery of an infected cell to synthesize their proteins.
Therefore, viral mRNAs have to compete for ribosomes and translation factors with cellular …

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) represses host translation machinery, blocks protein
secretion, and cleaves cellular proteins associated with signal transduction and the innate …

Although viruses require cellular functions to replicate, their absolute dependence upon the
host translation machinery to produce polypeptides indispensable for their reproduction is …

Viruses lack the properties to replicate independently due to the limited resources encoded
in their genome; therefore, they hijack the host cell machinery to replicate and survive …

Plus strand RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm face challenges in supporting the
numerous biosynthetic functions required for replication and propagation. Most of these …