Adenosine receptor subtypes, first described 40 years ago, are known to regulate diverse
biological functions and have a role in various conditions, such as cerebral and cardiac …

The glymphatic system is a unique pathway that utilises end-feet Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)
channels within perivascular astrocytes, which is believed to cause cerebrospinal fluid …

Our urge to sleep increases with time spent awake, until sleep becomes inescapable. The
sleep following sleep deprivation is longer and deeper, with an increased power of delta …

Sleep pressure increases during wake and dissipates during sleep, but the molecules and
neurons that measure homeostatic sleep pressure remain poorly understood. We present a …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost cause of global disability, being
responsible for enormous personal, societal, and economical costs. Importantly, existing …

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) neurons innervate the stretch receptors of the jaw
elevator muscles and periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN …

Background and purpose The present study was designed to investigate the potential role
and the mechanism of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on neuronal apoptosis …

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with
abnormal aggregation and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, including α-synuclein …

Since glymphatic was proposed and meningeal lymphatic was discovered, MRI and even
PET were introduced to investigate brain parenchymal interstitial fluid (ISF), cerebrospinal …

Caffeine has significant effects on neurovascular activity and behavior throughout the sleep–
wake cycle. We used a minimally invasive microchip/video system to continuously record …