Protein film electrochemistry (PFE) has given unrivalled insight into the properties of redox
proteins and many electron-transferring enzymes, allowing investigations of otherwise ill …

DNA is not only a carrier of genetic information, but also a versatile structural tool for the
engineering and self‐assembling of nanostructures. In this regard, the DNA template has …

Measuring the activity of low-abundance enzymes, down to a few molecules in one living
cell, is important but challenging to elucidate their biological function. Here, an …

Colocalization of cascade enzymes is broadly discussed as a phenomenon that can boost
the cascade reaction throughput, although a direct experimental verification is often …

Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular
architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient …

Natural cascades frequently use spatial organization to introduce beneficial substrate
channeling mechanisms, a strategy that has been widely mimicked in many engineered …

DNA nanotechnology has increasingly been used as a platform to scaffold enzymes based
on its unmatched ability to structure enzymes in a desired format. The capability to organize …

Enzymatic synthesis of biochemicals in vitro is vital in synthetic biology for its efficiency,
minimal by-products, and easy product separation. However, challenges like enzyme …

The construction of non-native biosynthetic pathways represents a powerful, modular
strategy for the production of valuable synthons and fine chemicals. Accordingly, artificially …

Enzyme immobilization has greatly facilitated the development of biocatalysts in industry.
Lack of control over the enzymatic orientation and microenvironment often results in low …