The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental diseases. Anxiety and the associated
physical symptoms may disturb social and occupational life and increase the risk of somatic …

Molecular identification and characterization of fear controlling circuitries is a promising path
towards developing targeted treatments of fear-related disorders. Three-color in situ …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the intestine and hindbrain, is known
for its glucoregulatory and appetite suppressing effects. GLP-1 agonists are in clinical use …

Social isolation (SI) rearing, a model of early life stress, results in profound behavioral
alterations, including increased anxiety‐like behavior, impaired sensorimotor gating and …

Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous
system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1 …

Overgeneralization of conditioned threat responses is a robust clinical marker of anxiety
disorders. In overgeneralization, responses that are appropriate to threat-predicting cues are …

In neuropsychiatry, animal studies demonstrating causal effects of environmental
manipulations relevant to human aetiology on behaviours relevant to human …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of signs that increases the risk to develop diabetes
mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. In the last years, a growing interest to study the …