It is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. During
stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various …

Abstract Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was initially recognized as a toxic reactive
oxygen species, able to cause damage to a variety of cellular structures. However, it became …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present at low and
controlled levels under normal conditions. These reactive molecules can increase to high …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process described both in
eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Even if it is clear that PCD occurs in plants, in …

Plant sphingolipids are not only structural components of the plasma membrane and other
endomembrane systems but also act as signaling molecules during biotic and abiotic …

Sphingolipids, which comprise membrane systems together with other lipids, are ubiquitous
in cellular organisms. They show a high degree of diversity across plant species and vary in …

Sphingolipids comprise a major class of structural materials and lipid signaling molecules in
all eukaryotic cells. Over the past two decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the …

Human activities have led to elevated levels of selenium (Se) in the environment, which
poses a threat to ecosystems and human health. Stenotrophomonas sp. EGS12 (EGS12) …

Abstract Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most harmful mycotoxin which prevails in several crops
and affects the growth and yield as well. Hence, keeping the alarming consequences of FB1 …

Sphingolipids are emerging as second messengers in programmed cell death and plant
defense mechanisms. However, their role in plant defense is far from being understood …