Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral
infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During …

In this review, we discuss the epidemiological dynamics of different viral infections to project
how the transition from a pandemic to endemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome …

Four endemic seasonal human coronaviruses causing common colds circulate worldwide:
HKU1, 229E, NL63 and OC43 (ref.). After binding to cellular receptors, coronavirus spike …

In December 2019, a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was …

Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and
fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a …

Background Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity among different coronaviruses, also
termed immune imprinting, may have a comprehensive impact on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 …

Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and
vaccinations targeting the spike protein (S) offer protective immunity against coronavirus …

A microarray-based assay to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against betacoronaviruses
(SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, OC43, and HKU1), other respiratory viruses and type I …

Background The risk of SARS-CoV-2 (re-) infection remains present given waning of vaccine-
induced and infection-acquired immunity, and ongoing circulation of new variants. Aim To …

Objectives SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemic potential is related to the population's
immunity levels. As such, assessing different regions' preexisting immune responses to …