Although reproductive strategies can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic
factors, life history theory provides a rigorous framework for explaining variation in …

Age‐specific fertility trajectories are fundamental to understanding population structure and
the evolutionary ecology of diverse life histories. However, characterizing reproductive …

The terminal investment, reproductive restraint or senescence theories may explain
individual late‐life patterns of reproduction. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that …

Senescence occurs because of the decline of the strength of selection with age, allowing
late-life reduced performances not being counter selected. From there, several phenomena …

The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that as an organism's prospects for survival
decrease, through age or when exposed to a pathogenic infection, it will invest more in …

In the terminal investment strategy, organisms allocate resources to maximize current
reproduction when their future reproductive opportunities are uncertain due to a high risk of …

Abstract Theory predicts a trade-off between current reproduction and future reproduction or
survival. Nevertheless, costs of reproduction are often not found owing to heterogeneity in …

Senescence, the deterioration of organismal function with advancing age, is a puzzling
biological phenomenon. While actuarial senescence (ie, age-dependent increases in …

Studies of the phenological responses of animals to climate change typically emphasize the
initiation of breeding although climatic effects on the cessation and length of the breeding …

Factors that affect the survival of nestling birds can drive the dynamics of populations and
the evolution of life histories. Such factors may include a variety of intrinsic, biotic, or abiotic …