This review aims to provide a systemic analysis of the in vivo, as well as subcellular, fate of
polymeric micelles (PMs), starting from the entry of PMs into the body. Few PMs are able to …

Magnetic nanoparticles are one of the most important and widely used types of
nanomaterials, whose unique properties make them special compared to other …

Recent evidence has established that extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and
microvesicles, form an endogenous transport system through which biomolecules, including …

Gene therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of monogenic disorders. Non-viral
gene delivery systems including lipid-based DNA therapeutics offer the opportunity to …

Endocytosis is a fundamental process in which eukaryotic cells internalise molecules and
macromolecules via deformation of the membrane and generation of membrane-bound …

An ideal drug delivery system should selectively deliver incorporated therapeutics to the
target site, escape from immune cells recognition and degradation, and act controlled …

Flotillins are membrane proteins that form microdomains in the plasma membrane of all
mammalian cell types studied to date. They span the evolutionary spectrum, with proteins …

Ocular drug delivery is a significantly challenging task due to the presence of various
anatomical and physiological barriers in the eye. Naturally available polysaccharides, when …

In this article, we briefly review the endocytic pathways used by cells, pointing out their
defining characteristics and highlighting physical limitations that may direct the …

The ideal nonviral vector delivers its nucleic acid cargo to a specific intracellular target.
Vectors enter cells mainly through endocytosis and are distributed to various intracellular …