Exoplanets with substantial hydrogen/helium atmospheres have been discovered in
abundance, many residing extremely close to their parent stars. The extreme irradiation …

How has the solar wind evolved to reach what it is today? In this review, I discuss the long-
term evolution of the solar wind, including the evolution of observed properties that are …

The population of small, close-in exoplanets is bifurcated into super-Earths and sub-
Neptunes. We calculate physically motivated mass–radius relations for sub-Neptunes, with …

A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-
mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California–Kepler Survey. The …

Recent observations identify a valley in the radius distribution of small exoplanets, with
planets in the range 1.5–2.0 R⊕ significantly less common than somewhat smaller or larger …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …

Aims. We study the evolution of the rotation and the high energy X-ray, extreme ultraviolet
(EUV), and Ly-α emission for F, G, K, and M dwarfs, with masses between 0.1 and 1.2 M⊙ …

The radius distribution of small, close-in exoplanets has recently been shown to be bimodal.
The photoevaporation model predicted this bimodality. In the photoevaporation scenario …

Recent studies have shown that atmospheric mass-loss powered by the cooling luminosity
of a planet's core can explain the observed radius valley separating super-Earths and sub …

Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of
planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed …