Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with
innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and …

Background The time course of blood lactate levels could be helpful to assess a patient's
response to therapy. Although the focus of published studies has been largely on septic …

Objectives Sustained changes in resuscitation and transfusion management have been
observed since the turn of the millennium, along with an ongoing discussion of surgical …

Introduction Early accurate assessment of the clinical status of severely injured patients is
crucial for guiding the surgical treatment strategy. Several scales are available to …

Metabolic acidosis is a disorder frequently encountered in emergency medicine and
intensive care medicine. As literature has been enriched with new data concerning the …

Background After injury, base deficit (BD) and lactate are common measures of shock.
Lactate directly measures anaerobic byproducts, whereas BD is calculated and …

Background: Fat embolism (FE) continues to be mentioned as a substantial complication
following acute femur fractures. The aim of this systematic review was to test the hypotheses …

BACKGROUND Serum lactate may be associated with clinical outcomes in trauma, even in
the absence of physiological abnormality. Sensitive markers of injury and outcomes are …

Objectives: To describe the current state of the art regarding management of the critically ill
trauma patient with an emphasis on initial management in the ICU. Data Sources and Study …

Damage control surgery is a combination of temporizing surgical interventions to arrest
hemorrhage and control infectious source, with goal directed resuscitation to restore normal …