This review presents an overview of the thermal properties of mesoscopic structures. The
discussion is based on the concept of electron energy distribution, and, in particular, on …

We present experiments on a superconductor–normal-metal electron refrigerator in a regime
where single-electron charging effects are significant. The system functions as a heat …

Static electric fields have a negligible influence on the electric and transport properties of a
metal because of the screening effect. This belief was extended to conventional metallic …

We demonstrate proximity-based all-metallic mesoscopic superconductor-normal metal-
superconductor (SNS) field-effect controlled Josephson transistors (SNS-FETs) and show …

A superconductor/normal metal/superconductor Josephson junction is a coherent electron
system where the thermodynamic entropy depends on temperature and difference of phase …

We propose a quantum heat engine based on an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer in a two-
terminal geometry and investigate its thermoelectric performances in the linear response …

The controlled tailoring of the energy distribution in an electron system opens the way to
interesting new physics and device concepts, as demonstrated by research on metallic …

We demonstrate experimentally the manipulation of supercurrent in Al-AlO x-Ti Josephson
tunnel junctions by injecting quasiparticles in a Ti island from two additional tunnel-coupled …

Electronic cooling in hybrid normal-metal–insulator–superconductor junctions is a promising
technology for the manipulation of thermal loads in solid-state nanosystems. One of the main …

Superconducting interferometers are quantum devices able to transduce a magnetic flux into
an electrical output with excellent sensitivity, integrability, and power consumption. Yet, their …