The immune system has evolved to protect the host from the pathogens and allergens
surrounding their environment. The immune system develops in such a way to recognize …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role
in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune …

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers threatening women's lives around
the world. Epithelial ovarian tumors represent the most common ovarian neoplasms. Most …

Simple Summary A subset of carcinomas that arise in the head and neck region show a viral
etiology. In fact, a subgroup of oropharyngeal cancers are caused by some types of human …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses, has been associated with
both lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) …

Risk stratification for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation (KT)
remains to be determined. Since endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in viral …

Extrahepatic viral infections are often accompanied by acute hepatitis, as evidenced by
elevated serum liver enzymes and intrasinusoidal infiltration of CD8+ T cells, without direct …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the induced immune response in malaria.
Although the potential roles of TLRs have been described, it is necessary to elucidate which …

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) efficiently transforms primary B cells. Here, we
show that this process starts immediately after cellular exposure to infectious viral particles …

Background Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in recognizing viral particles,
activating the innate immune system, and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objectives …