Terrestrial invertebrates are key components in ecosystems, with crucial roles in soil
structure, functioning, and ecosystem services. The present chapter covers how terrestrial …

Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure
tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for …

BACKGROUND Ensuring the yield, quality, and profitability of okra by preventing and
controlling pests with the application of insecticides has increased in the last decade. Some …

Agriculture is currently expected to establish different pest insect control alternatives that
have less impact and involve a lower environmental risk. New legislative regulations on the …

Imidacloprid is one of the most commercialized insecticides in agriculture in the world, with a
broad spectrum of action. However, little is known about the effects of commercial …

Fenoxycarb, a juvenile hormone agonist has been widely used to control various insect
pests in agriculture. Fenoxycarb has been considered environmentally safe because it …

In the standard ISO soil toxicity test using Collembola, adult survival and juvenile production
are the only endpoints that can be attainable. The information on egg production and egg …

Hazard assessment strategies are often supported by extrapolation of damage probabilities,
regarding chemical action and species susceptibilities. Yet, growing evidence suggests that …

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has
raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non …

Collembola are abundant and have significant roles in the soil ecosystem. Therefore, the
phenotypic endpoints of Collembola population or community have been used as an …