Previous descriptions of the thoracolumbar spinal nerves innervating the anterior abdominal
wall have been inconsistent. With modern surgical and anesthetic techniques that involve or …

In this article, the authors review the literature regarding perforator flaps. Musculocutaneous
perforator flaps have evolved from musculocutaneous flaps and offer several distinct …

This study examined 758 deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps for breast reconstruction,
with respect to risk factors and associated complications. Risk factors that demonstrated …

Recent reports of breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)
flap indicate increased fat necrosis and venous congestion as compared with the free …

Background: Studies comparing similar and sizable numbers of deep inferior epigastric
perforator (DIEP) and pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap …

The advantages of breast reconstruction using the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)
flap and the muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) …

Background: Approximately 20 percent of women select autologous tissue for
postmastectomy breast reconstruction, and most commonly choose the abdomen as the …

Background: Regarding the perfusion of a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, the
classic Hartrampf zones II and III were demonstrated by Holm et al. to be reversed using …

Background: One presumed advantage of the free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)
flap over the free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is …

Background: This study uses three-and four-dimensional computed tomographic
angiography and venography to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and perfusion of the …