Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes
are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

Due to the rapid proliferation of tumors, the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) concentration of
tumor cells is higher than that of normal cells, which can be used as an effective target for …

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive
ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because of the oxidation of …

The roles of superoxide radical (O 2•−) in the domains of physiological, physical, and
material chemistry are becoming increasingly recognized. Although extensive efforts have …

The sulfur biochemistry of the thiol group endows cysteines with a number of highly
specialized and unique features that enable them to serve a variety of different functions in …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
and this appears to underlie the development of cardiovascular disease, T2DM and diabetic …

The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by
reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely …

High-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous
molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric …