Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed for nonepileptic conditions, including
migraine headache, chronic neuropathic pain, mood disorders, schizophrenia and various …

Inositol, a simple six-carbon sugar, forms the basis of a number of important intracellular
signaling molecules. Over the last 35 years, a series of biochemical and cell biological …

Valproic acid is widely used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and is also a potent
teratogen, but its mechanisms of action in any of these settings are unknown. We report that …

Lithium, carbamazepine and valproic acid are effective mood-stabilizing treatments for
bipolar affective disorder. The molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of these drugs …

Manic-depressive illness has been conceptualized as a neurochemical illness. However,
brain imaging and postmortem studies reveal gray-matter reductions, as well as neuronal …

It is thought that inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (Ins (1, 4, 5) P3)-Ca2+ signalling has a function
in dorsoventral axis formation in Xenopus embryos,,; however, the immediate target of free …

Bipolar illness is a major psychiatric disorder that affects 1–3% of the worldwide population.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that this illness is substantially heritable …

The anticonvulsant properties of VPA (valproic acid), a branched short-chain fatty acid, were
serendipitously discovered in 1963. Since then, therapeutic roles of VPA have increased to …

Purpose.: Valproic acid (VPA) has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in
neurodegenerative conditions. VPA inhibits histone-deacetylases (HDAC) and delays …

Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignancies that frequently metastasize and secrete
hormones that cause debilitating symptoms in patients. In this study we report the effects of …