Abstract Background Photosystem II (PSII) is the light-driven water: plastoquinone
oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis and is found in the thylakoid membrane of …

Light drives photosynthesis, but at the same time, light also damages the photosynthesis
machinery. The damaging reaction is termed photoinhibition, and its target is Photosystem II …

Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-component pigment-protein complex that is responsible for
water splitting, oxygen evolution, and plastoquinone reduction. Components of PSII can be …

Photosystem II is vulnerable to various abiotic stresses such as strong visible light and heat.
Under both stresses, the damage seems to be triggered by reactive oxygen species, and the …

Photosystem II (PSII) is vulnerable to high light (HL) illumination resulting in photoinhibition.
In addition to photoprotection mechanisms, plants have developed an efficient PSII repair …

The D1/D2 heterodimer core is the heart of the photosystem II reaction center. A
characteristic feature of this heterodimer is the differentially rapid, light-dependent …

Deg1 is a Ser protease peripherally attached to the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane.
Its physiological function is unknown, but its localization makes it a suitable candidate for …

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a dynamic balance of protein synthesis and
degradation. Because of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and the massive transfer of …

Light energy constantly damages photosynthetic apparatuses, ultimately causing impaired
growth. Particularly, the sessile nature of higher plants has allowed chloroplasts to develop …

Plastids are unique organelles that can alter their structure and function in response to
environmental and developmental stimuli. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid and are the …