As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant
organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota …

Graves orbitopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy, is
visually disabling, cosmetically disfiguring and has a substantial negative impact on a …

Background An association between Graves' disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has
been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear. Methods Bidirectional …

The microbiota has been identified as an important factor in health and in a variety of
diseases. An altered microbiota composition increases the prevalence of Hashimoto's …

Emerging studies have provided a preliminary understanding of the thyroid-gut axis,
indicating that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may act directly or indirectly on the …

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the thyroid gland. It is
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and occurs at all ages but especially in women …

Context Gut bacteria can influence host immune responses but little is known about their
role in tolerance-loss mechanisms in Graves disease (GD; hyperthyroidism caused by …

Background Influenza is a severe respiratory illness that continually threatens global health.
It has been widely known that gut microbiota modulates the host response to protect against …

Intestinal microbiota gained attention due to its pleiotropic effect on intestinal barrier,
nutrients metabolism and on immune system development and functions. Recent evidence …

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune disorders that cause
impaired immunoregulation, leading to specific immune responses against thyroid antigens …